A study in mice by Suwandi et al, March 2017

“Here we provide clear evidence that recurrent exposure to MAP aggravates intestinal inflammation and clinical symptoms suggesting a disease promoting capability of MAP which might be of importance in JD and CD.

We provide conclusive evidence for the unique capacity of MAP to exacerbate DSS-mediated mucosal inflammation in the colon. We also identify the critical role of CD4+ T cells in this process consistent with their function in many other animal models of intestinal inflammation and human IBD.”

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5352692/